జర్నల్ ఆఫ్ మాలిక్యులర్ బయోమార్కర్స్ & డయాగ్నోసిస్

Association between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and Soluble Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Products in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with and without Microalbuminuria

Abstract

Hanaa Hibishy Gaballah, Rasha Ahmed Gaber and Samah Abdelrahman Elshweikh

Aims/Introduction: Studies on the association between a deletion variant of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and diabetic microalbuminuria and its impact on AGE/RAGE system remain inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to study the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and the circulating levels of sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE), pentosidine and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) in type 2 diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria.

Subjects and methods: ACE I/D polymorphism was analyzed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism Polymerase Chain Reaction method (AFLP). Circulating levels of sRAGE and pentosidine were assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, while AOPPs were assessed photometrically.

Results: within the diabetic normoalbuminuric group, DD and DI ACE genotypes were associated with significantly higher levels of sRAGE, Pentosidine and AOPPs (3280 ± 155 pg/mL, 289 ± 65 ng/ml and 192 ± 4.9 μmol/l ) respectively than those with the II genotype (2985 ± 310 pg/mL, 231 ± 66 ng/ml and 169 ± 7.5 μmol/l respectively, p<0.05). Also the microalbuminuric group exhibited a significant association between DD and DI ACE genotypes and higher levels of sRAGE, Pentosidine and AOPPs (10.2 ± 2.5%, 4975 ± 256 pg/mL, 305 ± 24 ng/ml and 207 ± 5.4 μmol/l ) respectively than those with the II genotype (4566 ± 219 pg/mL, 277 ± 15 ng/ml and 199 ± 7.6 μmol/l respectively, p<0.05).

Conclusions: Both ID and DD ACE genotypes might represent a risk factor for diabetic renal complications being associated with significantly higher levels of sRAGE, pentosidine and AOPPs.