యాంటీమైక్రోబయల్ ఏజెంట్ల జర్నల్

Control the second wave of COVID-19 through vaccines, advance treatment methods and control measures

Abstract

Jayashri Mahalingam

With the continued raise of COVID 19 cases till now , there is a concern about a second wave. The response to the pandemic with advance diagnostic tools, readily available repurposable anti viral drugs and attendant measures to control SARS COV-2 Infections are of vital importance at this juncture. Using the advanced diagnostic tools the new strains are identified and analysed. RT-PCR is the gold standard method to diagnose and it has been upgraded with point of care test. Recent advances like crisper technology, Spike protein detection, IgM & IgG ELISA are useful tools in timely diagnosis. Supportive treatments like mechanical ventilation & ECMO remain the primary methods to treat the severe cases. Therapeutic options are anti viral & anti inflammatory drugs, interferon, Plasma therapy, RNAi , monoclonal antibody and mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Different types of vaccines like mRNA, DNA, Viral vector and inactivated vaccines are available and vaccination is going on worldwide. In India, Covaxin (inactivated –BBV152) and Covishield ( ChADOX1 –nCOV19 – AZD1222) are the major vaccines being given to the populations. Trend of second wave has a higher peak than the first wave, the basic reproduction number R0 being less than 2.3. We have found that second wave can be interpreted as non linear interactions between disease dynamics and social behaviour. Further development of mathematic model helps us to explore disease behaviour & Interactions, there by assisting to predict epidemiological and social condition together in this pandemic