Mohammed Ferdjallah1*, Iman Ferdjallah2, Zeid Khitan3 and Henry Driscoll3
Disturbances of electrolytes during hyperglycemia is a common Abnormality in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DMT2). Similarly, hyponatremia, a consequence of hyperglycemia, is often associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This study investigated the association between AD and DMT2 by correlating plasma calcium homeostasis with plasma electrolytes. In this paper, we used plasma calcium homeostasis as a reference for Extra Cellular Fluid (ECF) volume changes. We determined the relative changes in plasma electrolyte concentration with respect to the relative changes in plasma calcium concentration. The study consisted of a cross-sectional study designed to analyse charts data from three patient groups during the period of 2010 to 2018. The study population consisted of three groups: AD-Only group, DMT2-Only group and AD-&-DMT2 group. The ADOnly group consisted of patients who developed AD but did not have DMT2. The DMT2-Only group consisted of patients who were diagnosed with DMT2 but did not develop AD. The AD-&- DMT2 group consisted of patients who had DMT2 and developed AD. Our results showed strong correlations between the relative changes in plasma sodium, plasma potassium and plasma chloride with those of plasma calcium in both AD and DMT2 patients. Patients with AD exhibit some degree of glucose intolerance even when not diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Thus, it is prudent for health care providers to closely watch for DMT2 and AD development in all aging patients regardless of their presentation.
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