Osama O. Ibrahim
Monkeypox is zoonotic disease caused by the Monkeypox (MPOV) virus infect primate, rodents, and human. This enveloped virus is a large ovalshaped with double-stranded DNA, belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. Monkeypox disease was first detected in 1970s in Central and West Africa. The infection usually spread from person-to-person contact or from the anhelation of infected person's lesions. These lesions found on the skin, eyes, mouth, throat, genitalia, and rectum. Monkeypox disease symptoms developed after the infection within five to twenty days incubation period and include rashes on faces that spread later across the body. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay is the only reliable method to identify monkeypox virus infection. There are no special treatments for MPOX virus infection, but due to genetic similarity between Monkeypox (MPOX) virus, Smallpox (SPX) virus, and Vaccinia (VAC) virus, antiviral drugs for Smallpox (SPX) virus, and vaccinia (VAC) virus infections are used for the treatment from MPOX virus infection. In addition, the, developed vaccines for the protection from Smallpox (SPX) virus, and vaccinia (VAC) virus infection are used for the protection from Monkeypox (MOPX) virus infection. The global outbreak outside Africa occurred in the year 2022, and World Health Organization (WHO) declared endemic outbreaks of MPOX disease outside Africa after over 91,000 confirmed MPOX cases occurred in about 116 non-African countries with small number of deaths.
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