Pravin D. Potdar and Sharvari S. Deshpande
Stem cells are highly specialized biological cells that have the potential to differentiate and regenerate various cells and tissue types. Stem cell research was first initiated way back in 80’s due to the discovery of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. However, embryonic stem cells utilization spurred controversy which encouraged scientists to find an alternative for the substitution for ESCs. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC), a type of an adult stem cell, exhibits many of the properties as that of embryonic stem cells such as pluripotency, immunomodulatory etc. These adult stromal cells are multipotent and non-hematopoietic in nature. MSCs have the potential to differentiate into diverse cell types including osteocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, cardiomyocytes, neural cells and β-cells of islets. This differentiation property is exploited by many researchers in clinical and therapeutic applications of these cells against wide variety of diseases including osteoarticular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, auto-immune diseases, cardiovascular diseases and in renal transplantation. Overall, this review summarises an importance of use of human Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs) for regenerative therapies for the cure of these major diseases in human.
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