ఆర్కైవ్స్ ఆఫ్ సర్జికల్ ఆంకాలజీ

Objective: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), a standard diagnostic procedure worldwide, uses blue dye and/or radioisotopic methods to detect clinically node-negative breast cancer. With the latter method, we often experience axillary lymph nodes with extremely low levels of radioactivity, compared with the maximum radioactive nodes. Here, we investigated the significance and possibility of metastasis in low radioactive SLNs in patients with and without metastasis in maximum radioactive SLNs.
Patients and methods: Between 2003 and 2011, we subjected a total of 453 breasts in 443 patients with earlystage invasive ductal carcinoma to SLNB using a combination of blue dye and radioisotopic methods. All lymph nodes detected via gamma -probe were considered SLNs and resected.
Results: SLNs were identified in 452 (99.8%) of 453 cases; of these, SLN metastasis was pathologically diagnosed in 118 cases (26.1%). Two or more SLNs were detected in 232 (51.2%) of 453 cases; of these, 46 cases (19.8%) had SLNs with gamma counts < 10% of the maximum detected values. Metastasis was detected in these low-gamma-count SLNs in 4 of 453 cases (0.9%), even though no metastasis had been detected in SLNs with maximum radioactivity levels. Macrometastasis was pathologically demonstrated in 3 of 4 cases. Conclusion: We identified several cases of metastatic SLNs with very low radioactivity, despite a lack of metastasis in SLNs with maximum radioactivity. These findings indicate that the evaluation of SLNs with gamma counts < 10% of the patient maximum would provide more precise information about the axillary status and help to maintain a low SLNB false-negative rate.

Neoplasm of the appendix is relatively rare. Only 0.9-1.4% of all appendectomy specimens is found to have it. One in particular is the adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoid. The exact histopathogenesis and pathologic classification of this neoplasm are yet to be elucidated. Herein we report five cases to emphasize the importance of meticulous sampling and the possibility of misdiagnosis due to the presence of diverticulitis and acute appendicitis in some of these patients. All of our patients initially were presented with symptoms of or mimicking appendicitis, with radiology imaging suggestive of acute appendicitis or an appendiceal abscess. The pathologic examination of the appendectomy specimen revealed the incidental finding of the adenocarcinoma ex goblet cell carcinoid with focal positivity of synaptophysin and chromogranin. Two of our patients had diverticulitis and perforated appendicitis, which may lead to a misdiagnosis of the goblet cell carcinoid due to the absence of a discrete mass formation and focal localization of these tumor cells. Therefore, meticulous sampling is imperative in the diagnosis of this entity