జర్నల్ ఆఫ్ గ్లోబల్ ఎకనామిక్స్

Sugar is one of the most important staple foods after rice Indonesia. Currently, sugar production cannot fulfill the demand for sugar in the country, so the government absorbs the lack of sugar by import. The purpose of this research is to analyze factors which influence the sugar demand and import in the country. This research is used econometrics model through the simultaneous system of functions with time series data of 1982-2013. Estimated model was conducted by Two-Stage Least Squares method. The research result is, Indonesian sugar demand (Dg) is influenced by sugar price (Pg), income level (ini) and sugar demand in the previous year (Dg1). Import of Indonesian sugar (Mg) is influenced by the difference between demand and production of Indonesian sugar (Dg-Qg), time, and sugar imports in the previous year

Researches regarding CNY onshore and offshore exchange rate linkage have been mainly focused on the discussion of price overflow effect due to a long-term restriction of the source of trading volume data at the foreign exchange market. Meanwhile, the impact of the trading volume on the formation of the two exchange rates was relatively ignored. This paper takes the initiative to introduce trading volume into the CNY exchange rate onshore and offshore price analysis framework. It innovatively applies SEM model and MLMV research method to analyze new characteristics represented in the CNY, CNH and NDF price guidance and formation mechanism of the two markets after the introduction of the trading volume factor. It verifies the complexity in onshore and offshore market linkage process under the impact of trading volume on aspects of statistics and significance. Through improving the study on onshoreoffshore CNY exchange rate dynamic transmission mechanism, this paper provides beneficial reference on the policy level for improving monetary policies and optimizing exchange rate volatility management.

The main objective of this study was to identify the major structural breaks associated with horticultural exports in Kenya using time series variables. To achieve this objective of the study, monthly secondary data was sourced from Central Bank of Kenya. The sample period was 2005 to 2018. The variables that were used are exchange rate, interest rate, inflation and horticultural exports. Structural breaks were tested by application of Clemente-Montannes-Reyes with both Additive and Innovative outlier unit root test to allow for multiple breaks. Results indicated that some of the variables had significant structural breaks while some recorded some insignificant structural breaks. The structural breaks were also variable specific and were associated with key changes in both policy and international economic episodes. This shows that Kenya’s horticultural exports are affected by both domestic and international events and there is need by policy makers to factor in the effects of structural breaks in designing export policies.

The present study, utilizing the constant market share analysis, aims at measuring the competitiveness of the exports of Pakistani leather products. The constant market share analysis (CMSA) describes the development of competitiveness, market and product structure of the exports of any economy. Moreover, it decomposes the total change in exports at both the first and second level decomposition. The time series data of HS-4 digits for the time span ranging from 2003-2014 has been taken from the International Trade Centre (ITC). The findings of the study illustrate that average total effect, structural effect, commodity effect, general competitive effect, specific competitive effect were positive, while average competitive effect and market effect were negative from 2003-08. Furthermore, the results indicate that the total effect, structural effect and specific competitive effect were positive, whereas competitive effect, commodity effect and general competitive effect were negative from 2009-14.The findings of the analysis reveal that Pakistan has the potential to enhance its leather exports to the developed economies provided the diversification is adopted in product development as well as market.