ఫ్లూయిడ్ మెకానిక్స్: ఓపెన్ యాక్సెస్

The atomic arrangement in the grain boundary seems to be somewhat different from regular periodic arrangement whereas inside the grain there is a good periodic arrangement of atoms. Above 5 mol%, Sn ions form correlated clusters, which lead to broadening. These EPR spectra were formed to contain two different components, one from the single isolated ions and the other from the clusters.

Structural studies by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed the presence of dominant β phase with a minor quantity of α phase. In EPR, isotopic chemical shift peaks were observed and they are assigned to originate from the α, β phases of ITO and grain boundary component respectively. From this study, different atomic arrangements were identified in grain boundaries compared to the same within the grain in Nanocrystalline ITO.

The growth  of  ITO  under  O2  atmosphere  showed  pentagon  symmetry.  This  Nanocrystalline  ITO  has  been  studied  using  Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. 

The oxidation properties of ITO were studied by X-ray Diffract meter grain sizes are confirmed by structural studies. As against the expectation of oxide on individual Nano grains of In-Sn alloy, ITO Nano grains grew into faceted Nano grains on heat treatment in air and O2 atmosphere. 

Nanocrystalline  materials  such  as  Sn  doped  In2O3  Indium  Tin  Oxide  (ITO)  were  prepared  by  this  Combustion  technique and characterized. Presence of electronic centers in Nanocrystalline ITO is observed from Raman studies and the same has been confirmed by photoluminescence studies.