జర్నల్ ఆఫ్ బయోడైవర్సిటీ, బయోప్రోస్పెక్టింగ్ అండ్ డెవలప్‌మెంట్

The carbon cycle is a fundamental biogeochemical cycle that regulates the movement of carbon through the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. It is essential for maintaining the balance of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere and supporting life on Earth. However, human activities have significantly disrupted this natural cycle, leading to increased atmospheric CO₂ levels and contributing to global climate change. This paper explores the dynamics of the carbon cycle, focusing on how human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and industrial processes have altered atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. We review the current understanding of carbon fluxes between different reservoirs and the impact of anthropogenic emissions on global climate systems. The discussion includes the implications of rising atmospheric CO₂ for climate change, ecosystem health, and the broader environment. Finally, we outline potential mitigation strategies and future research directions to address the challenges posed by increased atmospheric CO₂. By examining recent research and current understanding, the paper aims to highlight the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies and policy interventions to address the challenges posed by elevated CO₂ levels. The discussion also emphasizes the importance of integrating scientific knowledge with practical approaches to manage and stabilize the carbon cycle for the benefit of global ecosystems and human societies.

Deforestation is a significant environmental issue with profound impacts on the global carbon balance and climate stability. This article explores how the clearing of forests alters the carbon cycle, contributing to climate change. Forests act as carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere, but deforestation releases this stored carbon, exacerbating greenhouse gas concentrations and contributing to global warming. This review examines the mechanisms through which deforestation influences carbon dynamics, including changes in land use, carbon emissions, and feedback loops affecting climate systems. We discuss the role of forests in sequestering carbon, the impact of their loss on atmospheric CO₂ levels, and the broader implications for climate stability. The review also highlights current research, identifies gaps in knowledge, and suggests potential strategies for mitigating the effects of deforestation. By synthesizing findings from recent studies, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between deforestation and climate change.

Climate change poses significant challenges to ecosystems worldwide, driving shifts in species distributions, altering ecological interactions, and threatening biodiversity. This paper provides a comprehensive review of ecosystem responses to climate change, focusing on three primary strategies: adaptation, migration, and extinction. Adaptation involves physiological and behavioral changes that enable species to cope with altered environmental conditions. Migration refers to shifts in species distributions as they track suitable habitats. Extinction occurs when species fail to adapt or migrate in response to climate changes. The paper synthesizes current research on these responses, highlighting case studies and the mechanisms underlying them. It also discusses the implications for ecosystem functioning and biodiversity conservation. By understanding these responses, we can better anticipate and mitigate the impacts of climate change on ecosystems, informing conservation strategies and policy development. Adaptation involves physiological and behavioral changes enabling species to adjust to new environmental conditions. Migration refers to shifts in species distributions to track suitable habitats. Extinction occurs when species fail to adapt or migrate, leading to their disappearance. The paper synthesizes recent research on these responses, highlighting key examples and underlying mechanisms. It discusses the implications of these responses for ecosystem functioning, biodiversity conservation, and management strategies. By understanding these dynamics, we aim to provide insights for developing effective strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on ecosystems and safeguard biodiversity.

Climate change exerts profound effects on global water resources and hydrological cycles, influencing water availability, quality, and distribution. This paper reviews the current understanding of how shifting climate patterns—characterized by rising temperatures, altered precipitation regimes, and increased frequency of extreme weather events—affect water resources and hydrological processes. It examines the direct and indirect impacts on river flows, groundwater levels, snow and ice melt, and overall water supply. Key issues include changes in precipitation patterns, shifts in snow and glacier melt timings, and increased evaporation rates. The review synthesizes recent research findings, identifies critical gaps in knowledge, and discusses the implications for water management and policy. By analyzing current data and projections, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by climate change to water resources and offer recommendations for adaptive strategies.