ఇంటర్నేషనల్ జర్నల్ ఆఫ్ ఎకనామిక్స్ & మేనేజ్‌మెంట్ సైన్సెస్

A study was conducted during 2012 to 2013 in the selected reach of Tinau River, Nepal. The main objective of the study was to quantify employment and income generation from extraction of construction materials from the river. A 10 km stretch of the river was selected for the study. Sample survey with semi-structured questionnaire and field observation were the main tools used during field investigation. Extraction of riverbed materials from the banks, beds and floodplain areas of the river has provided many kinds of job opportunities for the people living in the vicinity of the river. It has also generated adequate amount of revenues. The collected revenue has been invested for many kinds of social and infrastructures development for years. Though extraction of riverbed materials is beneficial for income and employment generation, it has also negative environmental impacts in and around the river. Furthermore, the study concluded that riverbed extraction should be continued with special monitoring and evaluation in the areas where there is still room for extraction.

The aim of this research is to analyze the strategies that have taken Grupo Mexico to be Mexico’s largest mining company, the largest copper producer in the country and fourth worldwide. From its founding in 1964, Grupo Mexico has grown at a rapid rate; it is now one of the leading companies in the construction industry, transport and mining. In this paper some theories of industrial organization and microeconomic analysis is used.

Purpose – The benefits accrued from diverse workforce largely depends on how well it is strategically managed for the effectiveness of organization. Diversity management decisions in the organization cannot be viewed as an independent event – it is closely related to the diversity dimensions prevalent in a country context. In different settings, management of diversity needs different approach. The dimensions of diversity vary from country to country, a close insight about country-specific diversity dimensions and their implications is almost essential for developing strategies for managing diversity . The purpose of this paper is to discuss overall fundamental diversity dimensions of India, categorize them and understanding their organization challenges. Design/methodology/approach – The major task is to identify specific diversity dimensions of India and understanding their organization implications in a diverse workforce set up. In this backdrop, an attempt has been made in this paper to discuss overall fundamental dimensions of Indian diversity. Based on the discussion and empirical evidences from past research on Indian organizations, an analysis is made to understand the organization challenges of each dimension of diversity with an objective to help managers to address those diversity dimensions at the time of developing strategy for managing diversity in India Findings – The major socio-cultural and demographic dimension of diversity in Indian context are identified as Caste , language, religion and Gender , age , physical disability , region of origin, sexual orientation. Further, in light of changing legal laws towards transgender, sexual orientation is identified as an emerging dimension of diversity at workplace in coming years. Constructed on Harrison, Price and Bell categorization of diversity dimensions, the demographic and socio-cultural diversity dimensions of India are categorized as visible, partially visible, partially deep and deep. Based on the analysis of literature, the major challenges of each dimension to organization are discussed and summarized. Practical implications – The discussion about the fundamental diversity dimensions in India, and their analysis to understand organization challenges, facilitate global managers in developing diversity management strategies in India. Originality/value – This paper presents a country-specific approach that may be useful to global managers to understand organization challenges of various dimensions.

The present research attempts to analyze from a theoretical and methodological view of the competitive advantage that companies have to use the reputation as a generating tool of market value and this is a difficult intangible factor to imitate that facilitates the company to entre international markets. The largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and Mexico will be studied, from its inception and its market value. Finally it is concluded that the pharmaceutical industry has been characterized as one the most difficult markets to enter for their high entry barriers and reputational capital.

Nigeria has an unprecedented level of housing deficit, which is evident in the presence of slums and squatter settlements in its cities. Abuja, the Nation’s capital, though master planned from inception, is not an exception. The rate of urbanization in Abuja has exceeded the housing stock that was planned for. In the quest to solve this problem of housing shortage, public-private partnership – a housing policy of the Federal Government of Nigeria in consonance with the United Nations’ Agenda 21 – was established. The effort however failed, as the aim of private developers is usually at tangent with that of the government. To achieve the intended Mass Housing Delivery, incentive zoning (a kind of design control) should be made a requirement for Public-Private Partnership (PPP) for it to increase the housing stock while providing sustainable housing for the low and medium income earners. The aim of this paper is to investigate the socio-economic characteristics of squatters, to see the feasibility of PPP housing scheme as an alternative for squatters today with view to make the scheme more responsive. Data for the study were obtained through Questionnaire administration. Questionnaire was distributed amongst respondents in 5 purposively selected squatter settlements in Abuja, and 220 found to be valid. The locations, namely, Sauka (51 respondents), Kuchingoro (51 respondents), Kpeyegi (20 respondents), Kwali (49 respondents) and Karshi (49 respondents), were purposively selected. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The result shows that for most squatters the public-private partnership is not any feasible alternative housing at the moment, so the need for incentive zoning.

A trend called globalization, which started at the early onset of this century, has increased interdependency among international nations. This interdependency has both negative as well as positive effects. An increased air travel network has contributed significantly in global trade. Public goods such as Internet, Financial stability, commercial integration or knowledge promotion has created a new category, which is known as International public goods. Global interdependence has generated few negative effects as well. Increased international mobility has increased the risk of contagion in case of deadly diseases. We have witnessed many International Public Bad, which is symmetry to public goods, such as spread of H1N1, Influenza, in the past. A recent outbreak of EBOLA in SubSaharan Africa is a latest public bad, giving nightmares to global arena.

The purpose of this study was to determine the inflation in Indonesia in 2013 until 2014 and value contributed Interest Rate about Inflation in Indonesia. Data is used secondary data from general Consumer Price Index (CPI) from Indonesia and Interest Rate of BI Rate monthly of January 2013 until December 2014. Model is used model econometric with Autoregressive method. Result of estimation of Autoregressive model concludes that Interest Rate significantly affect to Inflation Rate.

Parliament has passed Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2015. It was first passed in Lok Sabha on 4 March 2015 and later in Rajya Sabha on 12 March 2015, which will become an Act when the President signs it. The amendment bill aims to bring improvements and revisions in the existing laws relating to insurance business in India. The bill also seeks to remove archaic provisions in previous laws and incorporate modern day practices of insurance business that are emerging in a changing dynamic environment, which also includes private participation. It is expected that the foreign investment would bring about `20,000-`25,000 crore in short funds. The amendment bill hikes Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) cap in the insurance sector to 49 percent from present 26 percent. The foreign investment in insurance would be routed under foreign direct investment,foreign portfolio investment,foreign venture capital investment,depository receipts,and non resident indians. Insurance companies are permitted to raise capital through instruments other than equity shares. Instruments would be specified through separate regulations by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDA). However, the voting rights of shareholders are restricted only to equity shares. Sale of shares over 1% of the total equity share capital and purchase of shares resulting in total equity share capital of more than 5%, requires the prior approval of the IRDA. It also adds provision for the establishment of Life Insurance Council and the General Insurance Council. These councils will act as self-regulating bodies for the insurance sector. The bill also grants permission to PSU general insurers to raise funds from the capital market and increases the penalty to deter multilevel marketing of insurance products. There is a strong relationship between foreign investment and economic growth. Larger inflows of foreign investments are needed for the country to achieve a sustainable high trajectory of economic growth. A major role played by the insurance sector is to mobilize national savings and channelize them into investments in different sectors of the economy. FDI in insurance would increase the penetration of insurance in India; FDI can meet India’s long term capital requirements to fund the building of infrastructures. The present paper focuses on the overview of the Indian insurance sector along with the opportunities due to expansion of FDI in insurance in India and the major challenges that it faces.

Artificial neural network models have been already used on many different fields successfully. However, many researches show that ANN models provide better optimum results than other competitive models in most of the researches. But does it provide optimum solutions in case ANN is proposed as hybrid model? The answer of this question is given in this research by using these models on modeling a forecast for GDP growth of Japan. Multiple regression models utilized as competitive models versus hybrid ANN (ANN + multiple regression models). Results have shown that hybrid model gives better responds than multiple regression models. However, variables, which were significantly affecting GDP growth, were determined and some of the variables, which were assumed to be affecting GDP growth of Japan, were eliminated statistically.