జర్నల్ ఆఫ్ ఎయిడ్స్ & క్లినికల్ రీసెర్చ్

Background: With respect to the HIV epidemic, research has shown that health behaviors are affected by a number of attitudinal factors such as cultural mistrust, medical mistrust and conspiracy beliefs. While it is clear that these variables have a deleterious effect on health behaviors, the literature fails to explore how these factors uniquely influence and predict an individual’s attitudes and overall willingness to receive HIV testing. Furthermore, cognitive factors such as the need for cognitive closure have received little attention with regard to HIV testing attitudes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine inter-correlations between cultural mistrust, medical mistrust, HIV conspiracy theories and the need for cognitive closure and to explore the extent to which these variables predict attitudes towards HIV testing. Methods: This study consisted of 34 Black males and 84 Black females (n=118) between the ages of 16-67 years (μ=26.8 years) recruited from a Historically Black College/University (HBCU), a community college, as well as churches and local health forums in the Washington, D.C. area. Results: Results of the inter-correlations were mixed and regression analyses revealed that cultural mistrust, medical mistrust, HIV conspiracy beliefs and the need for cognitive closure were not significant predictors of attitudes towards HIV testing in these populations. Conclusion: The results are discussed from a psychosocial perspective and implications and future directions for public health, psychotherapy and clinical work are considered.

Introduction: We studied the prevalence and associated factors for various immunologic and virologic responses to second line antiretroviral therapy (SLA) in patients enrolled in a government tertiary care hospital in Chennai , India Methods: A cross-sectional study of human immunodeficiency virus patients who have failed first line antiretroviral therapy and subsequently initiated on SLA .Concordant favourable response (CFR) or (CD4+/VL+) was defined as: increase in CD4 count of >=50 cells/mL and achievement of plasma viral load<400 copies/mL after 6 months. Concordant unfavourable response (CUR) or (CD4-/VL-) defined as increase in CD4 count of <50 cells/mL and achievement of plasma viral load>400 copies/mL. Various clinical and demographic factors were analyzed between different response groups using Chi-Square test, t-test, and One way ANOVA Results: From January 2008 to February 2009, 60 patients initiated on SLA. In those 76.7% experienced CD4+/ VL+, 10% CD4+/VL-, 5% CD4-/VL+ and 8.3% CD4-/VL- response. The characteristics of CFR and CUR groups were: 97.8% and 100% males (p- value>0.05), mean baseline CD4 count of 100 and 198 cells/mL (p-value<0.05), mean baseline viral load of 187754 and 265580 copies/mL (p- value>0.05), mean CD4 count at 6 months (313 vs. 147 cells/mL; p-value<0.05), adherence>95% (100% vs. 40%; p-value<0.05). Immunologic only response (CD4+/VL-) was associated with sub optimal adherence. Conclusion: 76.7% of patients after 6 months on SLA indicated CFR and 8.3% experienced CUR. CUR associated with poor adherence.

Background: Acute pancreatitis in HIV positive patients remains a management challenge even with a Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) era. Objective: Report the prevalence, clinical and radiological features of acute pancreatitis associated with HIV. Patients and methods: Retrospective study conducted from January 1999 to June 2015 in HIV positive patients admitted with acute pancreatitis in the Infectious Disease Unit, Ibn Rochd, Casablanca. The Balthazar Grade score was used to assess radiological severity of the disease. Results: During this period, 39 patients had an acute pancreatitis or an incidence of 0.6/1000 inhabitant/year. The mean age was 33.72 years (range: 18 to 48 years), mostly represented by females (68% to 32% male).The known risk factors included an alcohol abuse in 15 patients (52%), a history of pancreatitis in two patients (5%), cholecystitis in four patients (14%), and intravenous drug abuse in two patients (5%). Nineteen patients (65%) were on HAART regimen and only nine patients (31%) were receiving cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis. Twenty-two patients (76%) were in stage C of CDC. Twenty-one (72%) patients had a mean CD4 count below 200/mm³ and a HIV viral load above 1000 copies/ml in seventy nineteen (65%) patients. Pancreatitis was symptomatic in all cases. The median amylasemia level was 120 IU/L, serum lipase 672.7 IU/L and 1,23 mg/dl triglycerides. All patients had an abnormal pancreas CT scan of which twelve (41%) patients were in stage A of AP. The main causes found were drug toxicity of which 6 cases were due to stavudine, meglumine antimony in 3 cases, didanosine in 1 case, anti-tuberculous treatment in 1 case and opportunistic infections of which 4 cases were tuberculosis, 4 cases of cytomegalovirus disease and cryptosporidiosis in 2 cases respectively. The main complications were: shock in 9 cases, 2 cases of diabetes and pancreatic pseudocysts in 2 cases. The evolution was fatal in 45% of cases. The median duration for hospital course was 10 days (range 6-50 days). Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis is a serious condition in HIV-positive patients. Drug toxicity and opportunistic infections represented the most frequent causes.