జర్నల్ ఆఫ్ ఫోరెన్సిక్ రీసెర్చ్

Diabetes mellitus remains a clutch of metabolic illnesses using inflated plasma glucose absorption as the foremost indication. It will be affected by a comparative or an aggregate deficiency of insulin which is created through the β-cells. Current trial outcomes designated the significance of the β-cell sequence intended for the enlargement of diabetes. This paper influences the analytical and numerical solutions of the system of nonlinear differential equations based on non-stationary diffusion containing a nonlinear term related to the kinetics of the enzymatic reaction. The Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) is expended to discover the analytical expressions of the glucose, Insulin, and β-cell mass respectively. The paradigm and its improvement are presented as well as the aforementioned mathematical investigation with thirteen parameters. Comparative analysis of analytical approximation and numerical simulations are also presented.

Background: Stature is an important indicator for identification like other phenotypic traits; it is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Stature or body height is one of the most important and useful anthropometric parameters that determine the physical identity of an individual, it is also considered as one of the important and significant parameters for the establishment of personal identity in the forensic medical examination or anthropological studies, particularly with the alarming increase in the frequency of road, floods, deliberate mutilation, and natural disasters.

Objectives: To predict stature and sex from the percutaneous length of arm and forearm bones in an adult Nigeria population.

Methods: The sample group used for this research consists of staff, students, and volunteers from the University of Lagos, comprising 222 individuals (115 males and 107 females) aged between 18-65 years. Various anthropological instruments such as Stadiometer: a product of SECA alpha® model 770, Germany, anthropometric Tape: calibrated in centimeters, weighing balance, and caliper were used for taking the measurement.

Results and Conclusion: Logistic regression showed statistical significance in sex prediction with the highest value gotten from the intercondylar width. All parameters showed a positive correlation with stature with the strongest from ulnar while the weakest was in the intercondylar measurement. Percutaneous measurement of arm and forearm length of both males and females provides good reliability in the estimation of stature and predicting of sex. Sexual dimorphism correlates more with the intercondylar. Simple and multiple linear regressions proved that the best way to predict and estimate stature is by taking the foot length.

Introduction: The number of repeats of a single microsatellite may be different in different individuals, and this is the basis of their use in genetic fingerprinting. The aim of this study was to investigate of the allelic frequency of 7 autosomal loci in the Kurdish population of Iran.

Materials and Methods: Two fifty hundred men and women non-relatives of living Kurds in Kurdish provinces of Iran were randomly selected for the study of 7 autosomal markers (D16S539, D2S1338, D7S820, D21S11, D18S51, CFSIPO, and D13S317). After molecular analysis, allele’s frequency distributions and other population genetic parameters were done.

Results: The D21S11 and CFSIPO markers had the highest (0.8324) and the lowest (0.7400) polymorphism in the studied population, respectively. All of the 7 autosomal loci studied in Iranian Kurdish population had above 0.7 and 0.6 polymorphism and heterozygosity, respectively.

Conclusion: The degree of differentiation power or PD for 7 autosomal markers was between 0.730 and 0.884, which indicates a high differentiation power for all 7 markers.

Fingerprints have been the constant since the birth of mankind. The cyanoacrylate fuming method, also referred to as the super glue method, is proven to be the most effective tool used by investigators to develop latent fingerprint on non-porous surface such as glass and plastic. This method uses the vapors of superglue to develop latent fingerprints. The method relies on the deposition of polymerized cyanoacrylate ester on residues of latent fingerprints. This method develops clear, stable, white colored fingerprints on glass surface till upto 5th week whereas on plastic surface it was upto 4th week when observed under the temperature ranges between 12℃-25℃ at different time interval.

Background: A series of novel and low-cost powders were synthesised for the detection and extraction of the latent fingerprints deposited on various porous and non-porous surfaces. The template materials for these novel products range from silica nanoparticles to iron nanoparticles and activated charcoal. Preliminary lab testing indicated high quality fingerprints that were developed on various porous and non-porous surfaces such as glass slides, polymer plastic bags, aluminium foil, cardboard and paper.
Results: The silica based nano-fingerprint powders gave extremely fine visual prints as compared to commercial SIRCHIE® powders, with a white
pattern of the ridges. Activated charcoal based and iron nanoparticles based powders on the other hand yielded fine black fingerprint patterns
similar to the commercial SIRCHIE® powders. These series of powders were subjected to on-field testing by utilising the state-of-art facility of
the General Department of Forensic Science and Criminology, Dubai Police. The samples were tested here under both lab conditions and virtual
crime scenes, alongside the SIRCHIE® commercial powders already in standard use by the Dubai Police. The qualities of print developed were
assessed based on the AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System) report and visual inspection by the senior fingerprint experts of the
Dubai police.
Conclusion: The study revealed distinct advantages of the novel synthesised products over the commercial powders. There was higher uniformity
of the developed print patterns, higher score of AFIS analysis and advanced recovery of damaged fingerprints using the novel powders, which
makes these novel products highly commercially viable

In the present study, samples of pugmark of Artiodactyla animals’ species were collected from different areas. The collection was done through photography method. After the collection of each and every pugmark samples of animal species then it was individually examined for the comparison of fore and hind foot of the specific animal species pugmark. Comparison of fore foot and hind foot was done on the bases of physical analysis such as shape, size, dimension, dew mark, claw mark and specific feature. From the observation, it is interpreted that fore foot and hind foot of same animal species showed different characteristics which were not same. Through pugmark we can not only identify the specific species but also identify weather it is fore foot or hind foot of the specific animal. Pugmark signifies identity.

Disaster may be caused by natural events such as severe flooding, earthquake or volcanic eruptions.it can also be due to human activities such as mishaps involving mass
transport by Land Sea, air and other causes include war, boundary disputes. Identification of individual victims by devital means is one of the most reliable methods. In case
of severe disintegration visual recognition of facial features and finger prints are often impossible due to soft tissue destruction. This situation necessitates the use of the hard
calcified tissue such as human dentition and jaws, pelvis and skull

Background: Gunshot residues are collected after shooting incident or firearms used, using to determine the composition of the GSR reference by various techniques to
choose methods and techniques most suitable for this type of analysis, such as SEM-EDX, NAA, LBIS and etc.
Objectives: Our proposed study is to determine the elemental analysis of GSR using EDX – 8000 set-up. All the GSR constituents lead-barium-antimony (Pb-Ba-Sb) are
verified in the Indian made ammunition.
Methods: Samples of metallic powder residue were realized after several shoots by different kind of weapons (country made firearms) with local ammunitions. So, this
study was undertaken to develop chemical ballistic specialty in order to improve forensic investigations and drive benefit to Indian police and forensic experts.
Results: Our results reveals that the non-destructive - EDX method is quite adequate to analysis the proposed investigation.

The policy of police arrest in the Philippines requires the reading of the Miranda doctrine to the arrestee as stipulated in the Philippine Constitution. This Miranda doctrine provides an arrestee or any suspect an awareness of his right to remain silent and to get his own lawyer. While some police officers observe such policy, others tend to disregard the significance of reading the Miranda doctrine during the actual arrest. Using the qualitative mdescriptive method and drawing data from interviews, this paper seeks to investigate the language of police arrest and to draw implications on the upholding of the Miranda doctrine in the Philippines. It also seeks to review the policy of police arrest and its alignment with the actual practice. The finding of the research reveals that there is a mismatch between the policy and practice of police arrest in the Philippines. In addition, the improper use of language in the legal domain leads to marginalization of arrestees who are at a great disadvantage before the law. Further, this study suggests the need to explain clearly the content and meaning of the Miranda doctrine by the arresting officer to the arrestee.