ఇంటర్వెన్షనల్ అండ్ జనరల్ కార్డియాలజీ జర్నల్

Background: Based on the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) framework, a wide array of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators including but not limited to household income tend to show weaker effects for members of marginalized social groups. Limited knowledge exists on MDRs of household income on children exercise frequency.

Aims: Built on the MDRs framework, we tested the hypothesis of whether the effect of household income on exercise frequency differs for Black than White children. We hypothesized that: 1) there is a positive association between household income and exercise frequency for American households.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data came from wave one of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study which included 8027 non-Hispanic Black or White American children between ages 9 and 10 years old. The predictor was household income. The outcome was children exercise frequency. Linear regression was used for data analysis.

Results: According to our pooled sample regression, household income was positively associated with children exercise frequency. We found a significant interaction between household income and race, suggesting that the positive association between household income and exercise frequency was weaker for Black than White children.

Conclusions: Diminished returns of household income on children’s exercise may explain poor health of high SES Black children. That is, a smaller boosting effect of household income on changing health behaviors for Blacks than Whites may be one of many mechanisms that deteriorate health of high SES Black children. Not all racial disparities in health are due to SES but also diminished marginal returns of socioeconomic status indicators such as household income for the members of marginalized and racialized communities. Research should study how the context in which Black families live, play, and work contributes to low exercise frequency of high SES Black children.

Managing a patient with active influenza with surgical emergencies poses a challenge to both treating clinician and infection control preventionist. Active influenza in the perioperative period is known to increase morbidity, but very little literature exists which describes the infection control aspect of the same. Here, we present the infection control aspect of a patient of acute coronary syndrome requiring emergency cardiac bypass surgery who also had influenza A (H3N2).

Objectives: Evaluate our midterm outcome after Senning procedure for physiologic repair of Simple Transposition.

Patients and Methods: a retrospective study on patients who were diagnosed as simple Transposition and were not allocated to arterial switch operation. The patients enrolled in the study were operated between 2000 and 2018 and the operative data were obtained from patient’s files and the midterm outcome were obtained from outpatient’s records.

Results: 88 patients were done at this period, of whom only 43 patients were followed as the missing patients either following up in other centers in remote areas or may die and no data available for follow up records. The 43 patients had operated by 2 techniques either the standard Senning (26 patients) or the modified in situ pericardial Senning (17 patients). The 5-year survival in the standard group was 88.5% and 94% In pericardial insitu Senning, P value (0.89).5 years freedom from Arrythmias was 76.9% in Standard Senning and 88.2% in modified in situ pericardial Senning, P value (0.21). 5 years freedom from Significant TR was 69.2% in Standard Senning and 82.3% in modified in situ pericardial Senning, P value (0.73). 5 years freedom from Significant RV dysfunction was 65.3% in Standard Senning and 88.2% in modified in situ pericardial Senning, P value (0.52). There was no significant difference among the studied groups regarding midterm outcome.

Conclusion: In developing countries selection criteria limits the standard anatomical correction of simple Transposition. For those patients who had complex coronary artery anatomy, neonatal medical condition that precludes anatomical repair of simple TGA; the atrial switch still have a role for physiologic repair of simple TGA.