ఇంటర్వెన్షనల్ అండ్ జనరల్ కార్డియాలజీ జర్నల్

The description of atrial fibrillation (AF) as a functional electrical condition ignores the significant underlying structural abnormalities. The muscular sleeve of the atrium and the pulmonary vein (PV) undergo microstructural alterations, resulting in a weak foundation for AF maintenance. Current data indicate that this arrhythmia typically requires a trigger for start and a weak electrophysiological or anatomical substrate for maintenance, despite the lack of knowledge regarding the anatomical and functional foundations of AF. Whether the trigger mechanisms are focused improved automaticity, prompted activity, or micro re-entry from cardiac tissue is currently unknown. AF onset can be sped up by both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimuli, which appear to also play a role in AF maintenance. A mechanism that may involve cellular ageing, apoptosis, and subsequent atrial fibrosis and inflammation is linked to both new-onset and recurrent AF, according to growing clinical data.

The prevalence of heart failure, a clinical syndrome characterized by common symptoms, is rising globally annually. Malnutrition, obesity, and the annual rise in diabetes mellitus are among these factors. Others include an increase in alcohol consumption, smoking, high blood pressure, and other risk factors. The pathophysiology of chronic heart failure includes a complex array of circulatory and neurohormonal system issues that contribute to the onset of stationary symptoms. The vasodilator and vasoconstrictor neurohormonal systems are in balance in generally healthy individuals. In the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure, a variety of circulatory and neurohormonal system issues play a role in the onset of stationary symptoms. Vasodilator and vasoconstrictor neurohormonal frameworks are in balance in basically solid people. The activity of natriuretic peptides, particularly BNP, causes numerous significant effects on the heart and kidney. Reduced arterial blood pressure, vasodilation, increased diuresis and natriuresis, increased soft tissue filtration, decreased renin and aldosterone secretion, antihypertensive and antifibrotic effects, lipolysis, and mitochondrial biogenesis are among the organism's physiological effects of natriuretic peptides.

Transradial access is preferred for coronary angiography due to reduced complication risk. Procedural complications still occur, however, including nerve damage and regional pain syndrome. Guidelines for optimal treatment are lacking. This case involves a 74 year-old female referred for diagnostic coronary angiography using right radial access. At two-week follow up, she presented with moderate pain at the vascular access site and with moderate numbness and weakness in the right index finger, suggestive of radial nerve injury. Phototherapy using a set of cutaneous patches (Ice Wave from LifeWave Corp) was used to releave these symptoms, leading to complete resolution of symptoms. These devices contain natural compounds that reflect back infrared frequencies emitted by the skin. Biologic activity include elevation of glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine (GHK), having a plethora of effects. This non-pharmacologic adjunctive therapy may be useful to mitigate the complications of coronary angiography.