మాలిక్యులర్ మరియు జెనెటిక్ మెడిసిన్

????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????, ????????? ????????? (??????), ???? 2 ????????? ????????? (T2DM), ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? (CVD) ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????. ?????????, ????????? ????????????, ?????????, ???????????????, ??????? ????????????, ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????????, ???? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????. ???????????? ??????. ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????????????. ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????????? ???????????? ????, ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????.

??????????? ????????? κB (NF-κB) ????? ????????‌????????? ?????? ???????, ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????????????????‌?? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????. NF-κB ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????????. NF-κB ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? NF-κB ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????????. p65 ????????? (RelA) ????? ?????? NF-κB ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ??????-????????‌?????? ????? ?????? p65 ??? ??????????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ? ????????, ???? ??????-????????‌?????? ????? ?????? p65 ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????????.

???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????.. ????? ?????? ???????????? (ZFN??) ???? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????????-????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? (TALEN??) ????? ZFN?? ????? TALEN?? ????? ???????????? DNA ??????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????????-????????? DNA ???????? ???? ??????????????? DNA-????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????????. ????? ????????? ????-????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ; ????, ???? ???????? TALEN? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????-?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????.. ???? TALEN ??????????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????????. ???????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ????? ????????????, ????????? ???????????? TALEN ??????? ???? ? ????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???????????????.

???????: K3EDTA ????? ??????‌??? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????‌???? RNA ????????????????? ????-???? RNA BCT (BCT) ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ????????: ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? K3EDTA ??????‌?? ????? BCT????? ????????????? ????? ????? ????????? (22°C) ???? ??????????. ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ????-???? RNA ???????????????. ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ???‌???‌???? ??????? ??????‌???? ????????? ???? ????????? (???????????) ?????? ???????????. ???????: K3EDTA ??????‌????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? (hPL), β ????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? (βhCG) ????? ?????????-?????????? 4 (PLAC4) ???? ???? ????? ?????‌???? ???????????‌?? 22°C ???? ????? mRNA ?????? ????????? ??????????. . BCT????? ?????????? ?????, ??? ?????? mRNA ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????. ???????: ?? ???? RNA BCT ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? 22°C ???? ??????? ??????? ????? RNA?? ?????????????????, ??? ????‌?????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????‌????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? RNA?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????.

?????????: ????? ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ???? ??????? ????????????, ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????????, ???? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????????, ??????????? ???? ????????? ??????????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ????????????‌?? ?????????? ????????, ? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ??????? ??? ??????. ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ????????????. ????????: 19 ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????????, ????, ???? ????????, ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????????????? ????????. ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ?????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????, ????????????? ????????‌?????‌?? ??????????, ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????. ??????. ?????? ????????: ???? ???????, ???? ??????????, ?????? ??????, ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????, ????? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ???????, ????? ???????? ???????????, ?????????? ?????? (???????? ?????????, ?????? ?????????????, ?????? ?????? ?????????. ), ???????? ???????? ???? (???? ????????) ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ????. ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? COL1 A1 ????? COL1 A2 ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? I ?????????????? ????? ?????????‌?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????. ???????: ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? - ??????????????? ????????????- ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????. AD ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????. ? ?????????, ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. ?????????: ??????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????????./?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???? ????????????. ???? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????./?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ????????‌?????‌?? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. ???? ????? - ??????????????? ????????????.? ????????? ???? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????, ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????????./ ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????????. ????? COL1 A1 ????? COL1 A2 ?????????? ????????????? ????????????, ??? ???? I ?????????????? ????? ?????????‌?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????????.

c-Jun ??????????? ??????-???????? ???????? 1 (JAB1)?? ???? c-Jun ??-???????????‌?? ??????????? ????? ?????? COP9 ??????????? (CSN) ???????????‌?? ?? ???? ??? ????????????. CSN5 ??? ???? ???????? JAB1, ????????-???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????‌??? ????????? ?????????, ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????‌?????????? ???????????‌?? ?????????????. ???????, JAB1/CSN5 ???? ?????? ????????, ??????? ????????‌?????? ????? DNA ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????‌?? ????????????. ????????????, JAB1/CSN5 ???????????????‌?? ??????? ???????? ????????‌??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????‌????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????????. JAB1/CSN5 ???? ?????‌??????? ????? ???? ?????????‌??? ???????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????????‌?? ????????????. ? ????????, ???? ???????????????‌?? JAB1/CSN5 ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ? ?????????? JAB1/CSN5 ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????????.

In this work we are presenting our novel adaptation of flow cytometry for the determination of change of diplococcic Gram-positive Streptococcus mitis population heterogeneity by their xylitol metabolism. The inherent population heterogeneity of the bacteria due to their growth in-chains of varying lengths was grouped into three different groups by flow cytometric analysis, designated as gates P1, P2 and P3. Gate P1 consists of the bacterial subpopulation with minimum cell wall thickness and therefore the least side scattering, while gate P3 consists of the subpopulation with the most side scattering (corresponding to the thick bacterial cell wall). According to our results gate P1 contains bacteria in long-chains, while P3 contains individual bacteria. When these diplococcic bacteria were grown in the presence of 2% xylitol more homogeneous population was seen as P1 gate was populated with approximately 80% of the total population. These results suggest that once xylitol is metabolized by these bacteria, they stabilize in long chains. These ‘xylitol stabilized’ long chains arose apparently by incomplete bacterial separation, contains individual bacteria with reduced cell wall thickness, resulted less side scattering. The optimum population homogeneity was achieved when these bacteria were grown in 2% xylitol and 300 ppm fluoride containing medium, as measured by the bacterial population percentage in gate P1. Since these bacteria in long chains are known to be in a latent phase, our findings demonstrate that if appropriately developed xylitol has potential to use as an alternative antimicrobial for life threatening diseases.

Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is an oncogenic protein kinase which contributes to tumor development, proliferation, and suppression of apoptosis in multiple cancer types. The mechanism by which CK2 expression and activity leads to tumorigenesis in glioblastoma (GBM), a stage IV primary brain tumor, is being studied. Recent studies demonstrate that CK2 plays an important role in GBM formation and growth through the inhibition of tumor suppressors and activation of oncogenes. In addition, intriguing new reports indicate that CK2 may regulate GBM formation in a novel manner; CK2 may play a critical role in cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. Since glial CSCs have the ability to self-renew and initiate tumor growth, new treatments which target these CSCs are needed to treat this fatal disease. Inhibition of CK2 is potentially a novel method to inhibit GBM growth and reoccurrence by targeting the glial CSCs. A new, orally available, selective CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945 has had promising results when tested in cancer cell lines, in vivo xenograft models, and human clinical trials. The development of CK2 targeted inhibitors, starting with CX-4945, may lead to a new class of more effective cancer therapies.

Background and objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of factor V Leiden (G1691A), prothrombin (G20210A) and MTHFR (C677T) gene mutations in 201 Turkish patients who were referred to our clinic with venous thrombosis complications such as deep venous thrombosis, ischemic complications, thromboembolism and coronary artery disease. Methods: After isolation of genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques were used for analysis. Results: Among patients with venous thrombosis complications, allelic frequencies were 0.33, 0.17 and 0.04 for MTHFR (C677T), factor V Leiden (G1691A) and prothrombin (G20210A) mutations respectively. Conclusion: Homozygosity for the MTHFR C677T mutation and/or presence of at least one copy of the A allele of the Factor V Leiden G1691A mutation was found to be associated with increased incidence of venous thrombosis complications in patients (p<0.01). The combined impact of these mutations on venous thrombosis should also be taken into consideration. In our study, prothrombin (G20210A) mutation was found not to be associated with venous thrombosis complications. We also found that the prevalence of factor V Leiden (G1691A), prothrombin (G20210A) and MTHFR (C677T) gene mutations in Turkish patients with venous thrombosis are comparable to results of other studies performed in Turkish and Caucasian populations. We did not observe any significant gender dependency for the factor V Leiden (G1691A), prothrombin (G20210A) and MTHFR (C677T) gene mutations in venous thrombosis complications.