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వాల్యూమ్ 4, సమస్య 2 (2018)

చిన్న కమ్యూనికేషన్

Rationale for Clinical Use of Drugs in Prostate Cancer Patients

S. Kushnow

The absence of curative therapies for advanced or recurrent forms of prostate cancer mandates continued development of novel, more effective treatment regimens. Due to recent advances in basic and translational research, therapeutic vaccines and monoclonal antibody-based therapies are steadily gaining ground as promising treatment modalities against prostate cancer. Several immunotherapeutic products have recently been investigated in later-phase trials and have reported evidence for clinical benefit while maintaining an excellent quality of life for participants. The cumulative clinical results available to date indicate that immune-based therapies will likely play a role in the treatment of patients with prostate and other malignancies. The objective of this article is to increase awareness of contemporary immunologic therapies and clinical trials of new biologic reagents against prostate cancer. We also seek to encourage urologists to actively participate in clinical trials and evaluate the potential of immunotherapeutic drugs for impacting standards of care. Descriptions of the common styles of treatments used for glandular cancer unit listed below. Your care arranges could boot embody treatment for symptoms and aspect effects, a really necessary a section of cancer care. Treatment selections and proposals rely upon several factors, beside the type and stage of cancer, possible aspect effects, and additionally the patientâ??s preferences and overall health. Cancer treatment can have an impression on older adults in many ways in which. Loads of information on the precise effects of surgery, therapy, and medical care on older patients is found throughout this text in another section of this internet site. Because most prostate cancers unit found at intervals the first stages once they unit growing slowly, you mostly do not have to be compelled to rush to create treatment picks. Throughout now, it is important to talk at the side of your doctor relating to the risks and benefits of all of your treatment selections and once treatment need to begin. This discussion need to boot address this state of the cancer. If glandular cancer is in associate early stage, is growing slowly, and treating the cancer would cause loads of problems than the wellness itself, a doctor might recommend active police investigation or watchful waiting.
చిన్న కమ్యూనికేషన్

Disaccharide Mimetics as Drugs Against Cancer and Epitopes for Anti-Cancer Vaccine Candidates

Pierre Vogel

Cancer could be a cluster of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or unfold to different elements of the body. This distinction with benign tumors, that don't unfold. Potential signs and symptoms embody a lump, abnormal hemorrhage, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and an amendment in internal organ movements. Over two hundred forms of cancers have an effect on humans. Usually cancer leads to uncommon, uncontrollable division and different impairment that may be fatal. Some forms of cancer cause speedy cell growth, whereas others cause cells to grow and divide at a slower rate. Certain cancers end in visible growths referred to as tumors, whereas others, like leukemia, do not. Most of the bodyâ??s cells have specific functions and glued lifespans. Whereas it's going to sound sort of a dangerous factor, death is an element of a natural and helpful development referred to as cascade-mediated cell death. A cell receives directions to die so the body will replace it with a more modern cell that functions higher. Cancerous cells lack the elements that instruct them to prevent dividing and to die. As a result, they build up within the body, victimization chemical element and nutrients that may typically nourish different cells. Cancerous cells will kind tumors, impair the system and cause different changes that forestall the body from functioning frequently.
సమీక్షా వ్యాసం

Choosing the Best EGFR TKI in the Era of Precision Medicine

Zachary L Farmer, Kathryn F Mileham and Edward S Kim

The treatment of metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (mNSCLC) has evolved from traditional doublet chemotherapy to a model for precision medicine. Over the past fifteen years, the discovery of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations as key players in the pathogenesis of mNSCLC has transformed the care of patients with mNSCLC. EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) have prolonged both progression free survival and overall survival in patients who harbor EGFR mutations. Most recently, the third generation EGFR TKI osimertinib has shown superior progression free survival compared to earlier TKIs. Osimertinib has also shown excellent penetration into the CNS, less CNS tumor progression, and even leptomeningeal disease response. The efficacy of EGFR TKIs in the CNS may allow clinicians to avoid or defer radiation therapy for CNS disease in select mNSCLC patients with EGFR mutations. The advent of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has shown excellent diagnostic concordance with tumor biopsy in detecting EGFR mutations. While not the most sensitive tests, ctDNA is highly specific in uncovering EGFR mutations. In the future, ctDNA will likely avoid many unnecessary tissue biopsies in suspected lung cancer. As a marker of disease burden, ctDNA load will also play a key complementary role in determining response to therapy, disease resistance, and associated prognosis in EGFR mutated mNSCLC. In light of these remarkable advances, testing for mutations in EGFR, in addition to mutations in ALK, ROS-1, BRAF and PD-L1, is now more than ever the standard of care for mNSCLC, and critical to precision medicine.

పరిశోధన వ్యాసం

Apoptotic Effects of Temozolomide and Naturopathic Agents upon Glioblastoma Cells

Albert Magro, Alice Magro, Sirish Shrestha and Kathy Brundage

Temozolomide (TMZ), thymoquinone (TMQ), epigallocatechin gallate (EPIGAL) and staurosporine (STAURO) were used as apoptotic inducing agents acting upon the U87-MG (ATCC, HTB15), LN18 (ATCC, CRL2610) and U118-MG (ATCC, HTB14) glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines. TMZ is the current drug of choice for primary treatment and adjuvant therapy for recurrent GBM. TMQ and EPIGAL are naturopathic agents, while STAURO is a well-studied apoptotic-inducing agent. The degree and time course of apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry techniques capable of detecting changes in mitochondrial function using the fluorescent dye MitoTracker Deep Red. Phosphatidylserine exposure and plasma membrane permeability were detected simultaneously using violet fluorescent reactive dye (VFRD) in combination with AnnexinV-488. The apoptotic effectiveness of the inducing agents TMZ, TMQ, EPIGAL and STAURO were compared with their ability to inhibit invasiveness and degrade Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants. Invasiveness was measured in vitro by the 3D matrigel spheroid invasion assay. The density of the class 1 MHC determinants was measured by flow cytometry. Although TMZ is widely used for the chemotherapeutic treatment of GBM, it was determined that the time course for TMZ induced apoptosis was slower than those of TMQ, EPIGAL and STAURO. Unexpectedly, TMZ was ineffective in its ability to inhibit in vitro invasiveness and did not degrade the class I MHC determinants as effectively as the other apoptotic inducing agents. The findings raise the question of whether in vitro assays of apoptosis and invasiveness are the best measures of the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents for the primary treatment and adjuvant therapy of recurrent GBM. The findings also point to the in vivo complexity of the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents whereby preserving the components of natural and acquired immune mechanisms may be more important than the rapid apoptotic effects of the chemotherapeutic agent.

 

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