ఇంటర్నేషనల్ జర్నల్ ఆఫ్ సెన్సార్ నెట్‌వర్క్స్ అండ్ డేటా కమ్యూనికేషన్స్

This work describes hematite (a-Fe2O3) and ZnxFe3-XO4 thin films prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) method. CSP method allows an optimal control of stoichiometry and impurity incorporation, hematite films modified with Zn2+ was also prepared. Moreover, the most attracting characteristics of the hematite are its stability in neutral and basic solutions, abundance and band gap energy (2.0–2.2 eV) which permits it to absorb approximately 40% of the incident solar spectrum on earth. Nevertheless, the performance of hematite electrodes for water oxidation is restricted by their poor charge transport properties. Hematite has low conductivity and low charge-carrier mobility. In addition, the photoexcited electron–hole pairs have short life time (~10-12 s), which makes the hole diffusion length to be also short (2–4 nm). The charge transport properties of hematite can be improved by dopping. We demonstrated to increase the conductivity of hematite by dopping it with metal cations with 2+ charges which improved the photocatalytic properties. Doping with metal cations with 2+ charges has also brought good photoelectrochemical results. So we iron oxide and Zn-doped iron oxide compounds have been investigated.
The structural, optical and magnetic properties of a-Fe2O3 and ZnxFe3-xO4 compounds have been extensively investigated. XRD, XPS, Raman, FE-SEM and AFM techniques have been used for structural analysis; Absorption technique has been used for optical properties; Hall and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) techniques have been used for magnetic properties.

The conflux of sensing technique, data processing, and low-priced wireless communication has yielded a group of smart devices and when such devices used collectively, lead to the development of a technology called Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). A WSN is used to aggregate, monitor and analyze real-time data in a variety of applications, thus becoming an indispensable part of smart cities. But the gathering of sensitive information and the incorporation of wireless communication has arisen so many security related issues. This paper will concentrate on the issues and their corresponding solutions in wireless sensor network.

Energy efficient routing is a one of the major trusted area in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The wireless sensor network composed of a large number of sensor nodes which has limited energy resource. The sensor nodes are working through the battery, energy saving becomes more vital issue in WSNs. The routing algorithms assure the concept of energy saving without affecting the Quality of Service (QoS) Parameters like Throughput, End to End Delay, Overhead and Packet Delivery Ratio. In the existing system the Enhanced Energy Efficient Multipath Routing (EEEMR) Protocol is implemented. The EEEMR Protocol is modification of AOMDV Protocol. In this paper, we are implementing Clustering algorithm in EEEMR Protocol. The development of cluster based sensor networks have recently shown to decrease the system delay, overhead and increase the system throughput and packet delivery ratio. Simulation is performed using NS2 and results shows that the proposed system is better than the existing system. The proposed system energy consumption is decreased by 13% compared to the existing system.

An integration of sensing environment with the numerous deployments of sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) causes the severe security threats and hence the trust assurance mechanisms are required. For the large scale WSN, the existence of a number of intermediate nodes is responsible for the data forwarding to the sink node. Due to the battery operated sensors, the recharge and replace mechanisms suffer from the energy conservation and minimum network lifetime. The identification of fault nodes on the transmission path plays the major role in energy conservation. With the dense deployment of sensor nodes, the failures in node and link are high that disrupts the entire communication. This paper proposes the suitable alternative fault-free path prediction model to perform the communication among the nodes. Initially, the sensor nodes are deployed in the WSN environment. Once the initialization of source and destination nodes are over, the path between them is predicted through the Hamiltonian path prediction model. During the failure, scenario, this paper estimates the node and link parameters such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), queue size, response time, and bandwidth are individually estimated and group them into the Quality Factor (QF). Based on the QF, the proposed work predicts the fault-free link to alleviate the unnecessary transmissions to the fault node and reduces the energy consumption. The comparison between the proposed Hamiltonian Path-based Hyper Cube (HPHC) network with the existing fault detection mechanisms regarding the performance measures such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), fault node detection rate, throughput and end-to-end delay assures the effectiveness of HPHC in WSN communication.