ఇంటర్నేషనల్ జర్నల్ ఆఫ్ పబ్లిక్ హెల్త్ అండ్ సేఫ్టీ

Background and Objectives: University students have higher odds to adopt health-risk behaviors while in their emerging adulthood. These behaviors predispose students to chronic diseases, and hinder their academic achievement. Our study aimed to describe the prevalence rates and pattern of major health-risk behaviors among Saudi medical students.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional prevalence study of a representative sample of medical students in a Saudi medical college (n=428). In August 2018, data were collected on self-reported physical inactivity including sedentary behaviors, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and tobacco use. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chisquare test, and Phi-coefficient.

Results: The most prevalent health-risk behaviors were bunched around physical inactivity, ranging from 97.9% for inadequate muscle-strengthening exercises to 77.3% for high sedentary lifestyle. Less prevalent unhealthy lifestyles were bunched around tobacco use, ranging from 0.93% to current e-water-pipe smoking to 6.2% for current cigarette smoking. Furthermore, males were more likely to consume fast-food (P=0.000) and soda (P=0.002) than females. Minimal significant level of associations between unhealthy lifestyles was determined.

Conclusion: Our study showed variable prevalence rates of health-risk behaviors. Physical inactivity was the most common behavior, which should be, therefore, tackled as the top priority. Promotion of healthier lifestyle choices among medical students during their medical education will help them as they progress from being undergraduate students to being young doctors. This will ensure that they will consistently provide lifestyle education to their patients.

China is experiencing an unprecedented era of economic and social growth. This growth has spurned massive urbanization, resulting in the proliferation of major cities, with all the prosperity and threats that such development brings. Indeed, one does not have to look far to see the threats posed by organizational accidents to urban public safety in China. Such accidents highlight the tight coupling and interactive complexity present within urban environments. Analyzed from one angle, such accidents could be seen as inevitable. On the other hand, theories such as High Reliability Organizing and Resilience Engineering suggest that such accidents can be averted through fostering positive capacities. In this paper, these contemporary theories of accident causation and prevention are applied to the urban safety setting, with a focus on fostering a suite of capabilities across urban systems. Suggested areas of inquiry are suggested to advance the science and practice of urban public safety in China.